The images posted above of the schematics appear unreadable on my pc however I made a very nasty test loom for Paperboy/720 from a scrap paperboy loom ages ago and most of it runs on +5v but you do need +15v to drive the video amp (I think) and/or hit the reset circuit over the head or you just get a black screen. I think it might also be used to tell the nvram to write the high score tabe before the 5v collapses on power down.
On the very faded masking tape wrapped around the loom it looks like the extra voltage needs to go to a pin on J15 on the cpu pcb and that looks to be a yellow/white wire one pin away from the edge on the end furthest from the 'key' pin and it is also conected to the power connector on the video pcb as shown in the pic above.
I suspect I might have got away with wiring it up to +12v on a switcher before I upgraded to a bench power suppply but time passes and recollection without revision has faded into that past
Obviously wiring +15v to any incorrect pins will result in terminal magic smoke escape so be very careful.