TECH: PCB's

John Bennett

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[ukvac] TECH: PCB's

Can someone answer this?

Why on many PCB's (e.g. Pacman) do some tracks lead to both
inputs of an AND gate? You get the same thing out as what
you put in! There must be a reason I'm sure.

Puzzled Gary.



DATA Imported from archives: originally posted by shepg2002 (lists@ntlworld.com)
 
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Re: [ukvac] TECH: PCB's
Quoting shepg2002 <lists@ntlworld.com>:

> Why on many PCB's (e.g. Pacman) do some tracks lead to both
> inputs of an AND gate? You get the same thing out as what
> you put in! There must be a reason I'm sure.

It's usually one of two reasons. Sometimes it's buffering
for extra output drive, eg a gate's output can only drive a
specified number of gate inputs before it starts to approach
it's maximum output drive capacity. If you need to drive
more inputs than this, then you can use the gate as a buffer
for some of the inputs and drive the rest directly from the
unbuffered signal (or if the gate doing the buffering has
a higher output drive capability than the original output,
then it may be able to drive all of the inputs).

Second reason is timing. As there is always a propagation
delay between a signal going into the input of a gate, and
it appearing on the output, the circuit designer could use
this to their advantage whenever they need a small delay.
This can be very useful if you need to ensure a data bus
has had time to settle before it is latched, or the delay
can also be used in clock multiplier circuits.

There are other reasons, for example I've used a spare gate
to avoid adding a wire link when laying out a single sided
circuit board, but most cases it should be covered by the
two reasons above.

Cheers,
Dave.



DATA Imported from archives: originally posted by Dave Roberts (daverob@cwcom.net)
 

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[ukvac] Re: TECH: PCB's
> > Why on many PCB's (e.g. Pacman) do some tracks lead to both
> > inputs of an AND gate? You get the same thing out as what
> > you put in! There must be a reason I'm sure.
>
> It's usually one of two reasons. Sometimes it's buffering
> for extra output drive, eg a gate's output can only drive a
<<<<<<< CHOP>>>>>>>>>>

And the third reason, when used on a NAND or a NOR gate, is that it
becomes a NOT gate, which is useful in many places on a PCB.

You can synthesize any logic circuit using only NANDs or NORs as a
substitute for all other gates. This is how PALs are used to create
logic circuits.

PALs are unprogrammed arrays of NOR logic. You convert your logic
design to the NOR equivalents, and then burn them into the PAL =
simple but effective early fPGA.

Aren't some of the Namco customs simply PALs with their name scrubbed
out? Once you've read the PAL, you can simply burn a new one and
voila - new custom. (Although the word 'custom' can also mean that
it's a specially designed IC in which case it's much more difficult
to copy!)

D-Type
 

John Bennett

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[ukvac] Re: TECH: PCB's
I was looking at the FLIP signal on the PACMAN schematic which
is one of the outputs of a 74LS259 which leads to both inputs
of an AND gate. The result of this leads to the custom VRAM
addresser chip and to two inputs of a 74LS157.

The AND gate is probably being used to drive the three inputs
to the two chips then. Timing reasons seem unlikely.

Thanks,
Gary.



DATA Imported from archives: originally posted by shepg2002 (lists@ntlworld.com)
 
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